Overburden

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 Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold

III. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
OVERBURDEN AND ACID ROCK DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT

Overburden is rock that must be moved aside to gain access to ore that is mined and processed to produce metals for commercial purposes. PT Freeport Indonesia handles overburden under a comprehensive Overburden Management Plan approved by the Government of Indonesia. Most metals occur in nature as sulphide minerals. When ore is mined and overburden containing sulphides is left exposed to the elements, the action of water, oxygen and natural bacteria has the potential to create sulphuric acid. This acidic water can dissolve metals contained in overburden rock and be transported in water drainage systems and, if not properly managed, cause adverse environmental impacts. This process is known as acid rock drainage.

PT Freeport Indonesia manages and monitors acid rock drainage from its operations. Independent audits of PT Freeport Indonesia's environmental management system concluded that our overburden management programs are "…consistent with international practice." Under the Government-approved overburden management plan, PT Freeport Indonesia places overburden in managed areas around the Grasberg open pit.

PT Freeport Indonesia's acid rock drainage mitigation plans provide for capture and treatment of the existing acid rock drainage, in conjunction with limestone blending and limestone capping of existing overburden placement areas. These actions are expected to significantly reduce future acid rock drainage generation. Throughout 2003, acid rock drainage from the mine was captured and transported via a system of pipes to the mill for lime neutralization.
Native highlands species of grasses, mosses and shrubs are successfully grown on overburden placement areas. Overburden sites and the open pit will be revegetated or reclaimed after the end of mine-life.